Does gender affect work quality and quantity? We study this question by leveraging the
quasirandom assignment of patent applications to examiners, and micro-data on examiners' …

This paper studies the prevalence and evolution of gender bias in the United States Patent
and Trademark Office (USPTO) examination process and assesses the consequences of …

Women are underrepresented in STEM jobs despite making up over half of the
collegeeducated workforce. This lack of representation extends to innovation, where it is …

We explore how examiner behavior is altered by the time allocated for reviewing patent
applications. Insufficient examination time may hamper examiner search and rejection …

This paper investigates how increased examination workloads at patent office affect the
patent examination process and tests whether workloads have any external effect on …

Using detailed administrative data that allow us to observe who is eligible for promotion
when, we document that Black patent examiners at the US patent office face substantial …

We explore how examiner behavior is altered by the time allocated for reviewing patent
applications. Insufficient examination time may hamper examiner search and rejection …

Women are underrepresented in patenting and the gap is not closing quickly. The challenge
for policy is that the sources of this gap are complex and not well understood. Using a …

This paper studies factors outside of organizations that influence gender disparities in career
attainment. We focus on one such extra-organizational factor–external stakeholders' …

We document that 85% of patent applications in the United States include no female
inventors and ask: why are women underrepresented in innovation? We argue that …