We quantified the degree to which the relationship between the geographic distribution of
three major European tree species, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies and …

Temperature affects a cascade of ecological processes and functions of forests. With future
higher global temperatures being inevitable it is critical to understand and predict how forest …

Predicting how climate change will influence forests is challenging. Forest communities are
expected to lose cold-adapted trees near their low latitude/elevation range limits, while …

Quantifying spatio-temporal variation in forest microclimate is important to understand the
habitat associations of some species, identify potential refugia, and manage forests in a …

Climate warming is causing a shift in biological communities in favor of warm-affinity species
(ie, thermophilization). Species responses often lag behind climate warming, but the …

Recent research has shown that climate change is already altering tree species ranges,
mortality and growth rates. Analyses of the potential effects of climate change on tree growth …

Aim Forest understorey microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with
important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified …

Key message Changes in tree's climate sensitivity during their ontogenetic development is
best assessed with stem diameter classes, which can be calculated retrospectively from the …

While changes in spring phenological events due to global warming have been widely
documented, changes in autumn phenology, and therefore in growing season length, are …

For obvious practical reasons, tree phenological data obtained in warming and photoperiod
experiments are generally conducted on juvenile trees (saplings and seedlings) or on …