Congestion costs have been excluded from the study of traditional vehicle routing problems
until very recently. However, with our urban areas experiencing higher levels of traffic …

In this survey, the issues of urban routing are analyzed, and critical considerations for smart
and cost-effective delivery services are highlighted. Smart cities require intelligent services …

For more than half of century, since the paper of Dantzig and Ramser (1959) was
introduced, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has been one of the most extensively …

This paper studies the importance of considering congestion costs when optimising delivery
routes. Through the analysis of two study areas (the region of Catalonia and the city of …

Due to the severe impact of road traffic congestion on both economy and environment,
several vehicles routing algorithms have been proposed to optimize travelers itinerary …

In this paper, a multi-step model related to freight movements in urban areas is formalised to
solve a Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). In modelling terms, the …

The solution of dynamic vehicle routing problems has evolved rapidly in the past years due
to the development of telecommunication and information technologies. Traffic information …

Sustainability is nowadays an overarching concept for transport policy and planning around
the world. Focusing on urban areas, the problem of congestion, combined with the need to …

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a generic name referring to optimization problems in
transportation, distribution and logistics industry. They mainly focus on serving a number of …

Green transportation is becoming relevant in the context of smart cities, where the use of
electric vehicles represents a promising strategy to support sustainability policies. However …