Adjuvants are substances that boost the immunogenicity of vaccines. However, most
successful vaccines have been derived empirically and are capable of inducing robust T …

Despite their obvious benefits, decades of research and hundreds of pre-clinical candidates,
only a handful of adjuvants are approved for prophylactic vaccination of humans. The slow …

Adjuvants enhance immunity to vaccines and experimental antigens by a variety of
mechanisms. In the past decade, many receptors and signaling pathways in the innate …

Vaccines were first introduced more than 200 years ago and have since played a key role in
the reduction of morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. Many of the safest …

The majority of vaccine antigens currently under investigation represent recombinant
molecules or subunits of pathogens with little or no inherent immunostimulatory property …

Adjuvants are essential components of most clinically used vaccines. This is because the
majority of nonliving vaccines are relatively poor inducers of adaptive immunity unless …

Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Since the first mass vaccination against smallpox and its eventual eradication, many more
vaccines have been developed based on advances in bacteriology and virology and the use …

Highlights•Adjuvants can be incorporated into vaccines to enhance the magnitude,
functionality, breadth and durability of antigen-specific immune responses.•A deeper …

Adjuvant design has historically had a touch of alchemy at its heart due to its reliance on the
complex biology of innate immune activation. However, a new mechanistic understanding of …