Infections are most common and most severe at the extremes of age, the young and the
elderly. Vaccination can be a key approach to enhance immunogenicity and protection …

The adaptive immune response is coordinated by CD4+ T cells, which determine the type
and strength of the immune response and the effector cells involved. It has been reported …

Background Cellular immunity plays a crucial role in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and
substantial populations of CMV-specific T cells accumulate throughout life. However …

All neonates, infants and young children receive multiple priming doses and booster
vaccinations in the 1st and 2nd year of life to prevent infections by viral and bacterial …

CD4+ T cells occupy a central role in the induction and regulation of adaptive immune
responses. Activated CD4+ T helper (Th) cells exert immediate effector functions by …

Adjuvants are vaccine components that can boost the type, magnitude, breadth, and
durability of an immune response. We have previously demonstrated that certain adjuvant …

Microbial infection during various stages of human development produces widely different
clinical outcomes, yet the links between age-related changes in the immune compartment …

Vaccines intended to induce a cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell response are highly sought after.
However, some of these vaccines can be problematic if they replicate in the host. An …

New vaccines based on soluble recombinant antigens (Ags) require adjuvants to elicit long‐
lasting protective humoral and cellular immunity. Despite the importance of CD4 T helper …

Neonates respond suboptimally to many vaccines. The reasons for this defect are unclear,
but suboptimal antigen presentation by dendritic cells has been suggested as one …