Phthalates have been used as additives in industrial products since the 1930s, and are
universally considered to be ubiquitous environmental contaminants. The general …

Phthalate diesters are a diverse group of chemicals used to make plastics flexible and are
found in personal care products, medical equipment, and medication capsules. Ubiquitous …

Rapid industrialization and urbanization release several chemicals such as phthalates into
the environment and cause adverse effects on reproductive system, mainly endocrine …

Evidence from previous studies has shown that phthalates may play a role in male
reproductive function; however, results are still inconclusive, and the mechanism remains …

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that have been known
for their ability to interfere with the action of hormones and affect endocrine pathways …

Exposure to phthalates has been demonstrated to have adverse effects on male
reproduction in animal studies, but findings in human studies have been inconsistent. We …

Phthalate esters are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that in general display low‐
toxicity. Overall, the reproductive effects of these compounds are well characterized in …

Several experimental and observational studies have demonstrated the antiandrogenicity of
several phthalates. However, there is limited evidence of an association between phthalate …

Phthalate esters are synthetic chemicals used in the plastic industry as plasticizers and
consumable products. According to United Nations, about 400 million tons of plastic are …

Phthalates are suspected of having adverse effects on androgen-regulated reproductive
development in animals and may be toxic for human sperm. The purposes of our study were …