… the power to use variable tolls to reduce highway congestion. … to construct toll booths and
require vehicles to stop to pay tolls. … to identify the driver entering the toll road or zone, and then …

… Toll roads and public transportation are complementary approaches to relieve congestion
by internalizing externalities (tolls… aimed at promoting the use of toll roads which have a free …

… , and thus better distribute traffic across the road network. This assignment problem is often
… problem that use piecewise-linear functions to approximate congestion cost. We also apply a …

… toll road projects. To show its usefulness for planning future … here that tolling in the case of
non-congested networks results … been to develop and use econometric methods to determine …

… ’ route choice between a free highway and a competing tolled … most widespread uses of
VMS, we can mention route guidance, … toll highways and the competing congested free roads. …

… ), the work compares the effects of tolling the region’s seven bridges across … congested
links. Finally, it recognizes the option of GPS-based tolling to apply CBCP across all congested …

… simulation tools. For decades, toll pricing has been utilized as a form of congestion pricing,
… processed to apply a variable toll cost at the different entrances of each zone in the network. …

… To solve real world application problems, we develop infill … should pay for the additional
congestion they create. The well … They found that optimal tolls for the variabledemand network …

… traffic congestion in freeways with multiple access locations through the use of dynamic toll
pricing. … The underlying traffic structure that we model consists of a three-lanes tolled freeway …

… , Daganzo [26], viewing variable tolls as a hybrid between pricing … and private toll charges
in a congested road network with … , we use β and y as independent variables substituting toll p …