316L stainless steel (316LSS). Compared with the cell-free samples, the fatigue process of
fully cellular samples only consists of steady and overload stages, without an initial softening
stage. Moreover, the fully cellular sample possesses higher strength, lower cyclic softening
rate and longer lifetime. Microscopic analyses show no difference in grain orientations,
dimensions, and shapes. However, the fully cellular samples show planar dislocation …