cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a
fragile equilibrium of pro-and anti-inflammation effects is maintained by complex regulatory
mechanisms. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting
in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-reinforcement of various
feedback mechanisms, which can ultimately lead to systemic damage, multi-organ failure, or …