“Cytokine storm syndrome” is a diverse set of conditions unified by a clinical phenotype of
systemic inflammation, multi-organ failure, hyperferritinemia, and, if untreated, often death.
This clinical constellation is caused by the elaboration of extreme amounts of inflammatory
mediators resulting from unchecked feedforward immune activation and amplification. The
initiating factors leading to the end state of cytokine storm are heterogeneous and derive
from rheumatologic, oncologic, and infectious origins. The first member of the cytokine storm …