joint interface. Use of the cohesive-zone model (CZM) is an effective approach for
implementing fractures, seams, and joints in the structures. The CZM requires a cohesive
constitutive law, which, in the context of a welded joint, relates the traction at the interface to
the separation displacement of the two surfaces. Typical configurations for fracture testing to
obtain the parameters for a cohesive law involve assumptions including large weld areas …