… the end of the distribution drop fiber (DDF). Hence, it is important to provide refined protection
with an advanced fault-protection … EPON for EF should be less than 5 ms [37], [38]. The “No …

… recover distribution drop fiber (DDF) link faults or transceiver failures at ONU(s) in SIEPON
… [21], in-service integrated fault management mechanism at the DDFs in EPON is proposed. …

… On the other side, the number of business users has dramatically increased as network …
fiber-optic technology in terms of the so-called distribution network. As part of this solution, fiber …

… with massive densely distributed customers, we develop a customer distribution model which
… , ‘‘Distribution drop fiber in-service fault management in enhanced EPON system,’’ Opt. …

… the optical fibre performance degradation in-service to ascertain efficient service delivery, …
In WDM-PON fault management application, the probe pulse should fit the wavelength of the …

… ) brings hope in providing better solutions in managing growing PON architecture, and …
in-service integrated fault management mechanism at the distribution drop fibers (DDFs) in EPON …

… from increased capacities and from improved networking … to provide fiber protection in the
distribution and drop section … to accommodate occasional changes in service provisioning or …

… Each distribution fiber or drop fiber deploys a different … The Fresnel reflection phenomena
increased the optical power … In-service line monitoring system in PONs using 1650-nm …

… in distribution section (DS) are referred to as feeder fiber (FF) and … to be protected to offer
improved service availability to users. In … We also assume that a EPON consisting of 16 ONUs …

… To perform switching between the working distribution fiber and backup distribution fiber, …
Through our extensive evaluations we observe that EPON- and GPON-based variants have …