… To test Hypothesis 5, we use a dummy that takes into account whether a patent is related to
the life sciences. Footnote 10 Finally, our control variables include country and year dummies…

… Women engage in less commercial patenting and invention than do men, which … women;
we found a similar pattern for male-tagged patents and men. We measured inventor gender …

… trends of men’s and women’s involvement in patenting and their … case of patenting collaboration
networks in the life sciences, … and gender equity in science, as the commercial context …

… of patenting activity reveals that, while we are seeing female … Academy of Sciences, illustrates
the bias that women in science … business, especially in areas like metrics for evaluating …

… Women’s choice of business area tends to be in bio-… Gender differences in patenting in
the academic life sciences. Science, 313, 665–7. Elsevier (2017), …

… Within science and engineering, the percentage of women varies by field: women tend to
work in less patent-intensive life sciences, … patentability and commercial value. Navigating the …

… enrolled in life sciences have had a long tradition to teaching … how scientific entrepreneurship
is driven by gender factors in … felt by all scientists in the early days of commercial science. …

… better than others at promoting women’s patenting. According to the … the patenting shortfall
of female holders of science and … , the patent gaps are depressing new business creation, job …

… study on the female involvement in patent applications in all … of gender stratification in
commercial science can be traced to “… Gender differences in patenting in the academic life …

… and commercial activities than male scientists because they … the assignment of gender based
on the inventor’s first name. … some sectors, such as the life sciences). Nevertheless, future …