The study of heterostructured materials (HSMs) answered one of the most pressing
questions in the metallurgical field:“is it possible to greatly increase both the strength and the
strain hardening, to avoid the “inevitable” loss of ductility?”. From the synergy between the
deformation modes of zones with greatly different flow stress, low stacking fault energy (SFE)
alloys can reduce their typical trade-off between strength and ductility. Stainless steel (SS) is
a low-SFE material, which is widely applied for structural, biomedical, biosafety, food …