… The generated signal was then normalized using the lossless path average NLSE model
for optical links with lumped amplification [28]. The resulting signal was upsampled (by a factor …

… If we have a span followed by a lumped loss and then a lumped amplification as in paper
B, the net link NF can be calculated using the Friis formula [73] in linear units, …

… These details may be lumped together to define an overall … The relationship between the
optical parameters, that is, the coupling coefficients, and polynomial coefficients is nonlinear in …

… focus on providing lumped optical nonlinearity suppression, … lumped amplification - by eg
erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (… unrepeatered link with distributed and remote amplification. …

… amplification in nonlinear optics, with special emphasis on … various applications and describing
the connection of the GTL … system; the NLSE with periodic lumped filtering, leading to ILG …

… parametric amplifier activity is aimed at increasing amplifier … matrix elements and their
conjugation relations; right column: … -resonator design method here with lumped-element parallel-…

… link. In general, these designations are reserved for lumped gain elements, characterized by
an internal optical path … of the amplified signal is also impaired by scattering and nonlinear …

… , by taking its convenience of using the non-linear effective length and a critical input power
… km, there are normally many connection points along the fiber link with opened ends where …

… amplifiers and the fibre nonlinearity become the limiting factors of optical fibre … the dispersion
is fully compensated along the fibre link shows the impact of fibre nonlinearity in the time (c) …

… evolution in fibre links with lumped amplification such as Erbium-… The first example is the
nonlinear inverse synthesis (NIS) … Schematic of the optical link with lumped amplifier and the …