… China as a "semi-colony" provided scholars of colonialism with justifiable reasons for downplaying
China's … and incomplete penetration of imperial powers in China, and this concept has …

… power in mainland China under the treaty system. It is not a new concept, having a long
history … themselves with the idea that China was “only” a semi- colony rather than a colony, to …

… China's own experience as a recently ‘liberated’ semi-colony… its rise to power, foreign
imperialists had forced China to sign … critique of ‘old’ China's trade with imperialist powers, which …

… world which lay between the two great powers-the ‘intermediate zone’ which included China
… for East-West détente between the great powers was not only irrelevant but harmful to the …

… Just as the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, China became a semi-colony as a result
of a number of wars and treaties made with westerners. As from the mid-19th century to the …

… colonies in India and IndoChina. Manchu Qing was little better than a semi-colony. Thus in
the … was at the height of its power, China had something like a third of the world’s wealth. That …

… power of the Republic of China was placed in Nanjing. The … and China’s feudalism have
been linked to one another, and the process in which China changed from being a semi-colony …

… by contextualizing Christian schools into China’s semi-colonial history, this thesis probed …
to negotiate power and influence vis-à-vis their Western masters. It was evident that China’s …

… smaller powers in China, this article shows both the diversity of colonial formations in China
and … Sun thought that the idea of a ‘semi-colony’ did not do justice to the situation of China …

… to forget—their country's status of ‘semi-colony’, as Mao Zedong would later describe it. …
With Xi in power we see a China more confident in its global role and in what it can offer to …