The introduction of GSM into the Nigerian market has caused a positive disruption in the national paradigm; this has changed the way people, government and society interact and conduct business. In the nineteenth and twentieth century, the major means of communication were the telegraph, telephony, wireless communication and the use of copper conductors [1]. This paper critically analyse the GSM market under the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry. A profound analysis of the growth of GSM market with existing market challenges from 2001 till 2016 was critically analysed. In this paper, we carried out a lot of research using what past researchers have done as a foundation for this paper. From the advent of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) in 2001, the analysis of the annual growths in terms of subscribers, revenue and market penetration was carried out as well as the causes of the challenges faced by the GSM market and how it played out in terms of loss of subscribers, foreign investments and the cost of operation by the companies. In addition, the impact of the GSM market to the economy of the nation as well as her citizens as it pertains to the growth and challenges faced by the market.