… The political party has reached its lowest level of trust and reputation. In this article, I will deal
with the outcome of parties … and roles of political parties in advanced democratic societies. …

… the argument that internal party democracy is essential for a political system to be democratic.
The scholarly literature is largely in agreement about what political parties should strive to …

… This article presents an index for measuring levels of intra-party democracy (… party rules
and actual party behaviour. While there is no agreement whether parties should be democratic…

… approach to intra-party democracy: preliminary arguments We define “intra-party democracy”
as any practice that limits the centralized discretionary control exercised by top-level party …

… We know from the extensive literature on intra-party democracy that the opening-up of the …
way of conceiving intra-party democracy less attractive and less feasible in real party politics. …

… impact of intra-party democratization processes on party membership. We analyze the opinions
and attitudes of enrolled members on intra-party democracy … and party members. How do …

… to party organization and, specifically, intra-party democracy. … With respect to party
organization, focusing on the ideational … that populist parties will be internally democratic, and the …

… rules in their internal party structures” (38). In this way, the state signals that it sees internal
party democracy as a virtue deserving to be “elaborated in greater detail in party statutes, …

… affect citizens’ political attitudes. This article extends the current research and examines …
effect of intra-party democracy—a party level characteristic—on the trust levels in political parties…

… of internal party democracy in the medium term. On the contrary, the growing role of intra-party
competition has tended to respond to the requirement for internal legitimacy of the party …