… neurological degeneration, we will systematically discuss the major cytokines (eg, TNFα,
IL-1β, and IL-6) that are secreted by immune cells and their impact on BBB and CNS (Figure 2). …

… produce the cytokine IL-12 (the major promoter of Th1 cytokine … neurological dysfunction
characterized by degenerated, … with an increase in inflammatory infiltrates surrounding neurons …

… neurological diseases have been classified, on the basis of their pathogenesis, into vascular,
degenerative, inflammatory … occurs and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and …

… Abnormal accumulation of proteinaceous materials in and around neurons is a histopathological
hallmark in the degenerative neural tissues. Amyloid-β (Aβ) protein, tau protein, alpha-…

… neurological disorders (NDs) characterized by degeneration of … Other notable cytokines
associated with neuroinflammation … pro-inflammatory cytokines, there are also cytokines such as …

… However, prolonged exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines … worsen or accelerate the
degenerative processes and tissue … to further inflammation, tissue destruction and neurological …

… and systemic inflammation lead to oligodendrocyte death and degeneration of the … and
other immune/inflammatory cells and release inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic …

… , while releasing the inflammatory cytokines to mediate inflammatory reaction. Activated
microglia … degeneration is a pathological hallmark of MS contributing to irreversible neurological …

… polarize in the site of inflammation in presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore,
pro-… can switch on apoptotic pathways in neurons and ultimately lead to neural degeneration. …

… the impact of neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases. … , for example, on cytokines
and chemokines profiles. The … Imaging of neuro-inflammatory biomarkers is an expanding topic …