Synonymous with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation
syndrome (MAS) is a term used by rheumatologists to describe a potentially life-threatening …

Sepsis is a major health problem all over the world. Despite its existence since the time of
Hippocrates (470 BC), sepsis is still a serious medical problem for physicians working in …

Review on sepsis mediators, and roles in innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as
implications for therapeutics. Sepsis refers to severe systemic inflammation in response to …

Highlights•Humoral immune responses are crucial for protection against infections.•Current
paradigms of humoral responses are based on protein immunization models.•Pathogens …

Cytokines are key instigators and regulators of immune responses and therefore hold great
potential as targets for new therapeutic strategies. However, the selection of which cytokines …

Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infections that causes life-
threatening organ dysfunction and even death. When infections occur, bacterial cell wall …

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by dysregulated host
responses to infection. Not only does sepsis pose a serious hazard to human health, but it …

Since the definition of systemic inflammatory response syndrome/sepsis was originally
proposed, a large amount of new information has been generated showing a much more …

The dynamic structure of the granuloma serves to protect the body from microbiological
challenge. This organized aggregate of immune cells seeks to contain this challenge and …

Introduction Sepsis is a dysregulated host immune response due to an uncontrolled
infection. It is a leading cause of mortality in adult intensive care units globally. When the …