Age is associated with altered immune functions that may affect the brain. Brain barriers,
including the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–CSF barrier (BCSFB), are important …

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of brain volume at an estimated rate of 5% per
decade after age 40. While these morphometric changes, especially those affecting gray …

Recent studies suggest that the function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is not static under
normal physiologic conditions and is likely altered in neurodegenerative disease. Prevailing …

For decades, it has been widely believed that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides an
immune privileged environment in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking peripheral …

It is widely accepted that the brain and the immune system continuously interact during
normal as well as pathological functioning. Human aging is commonly accompanied by low …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an urgent public health mandate. AD is no longer
considered a neural-centric disease; rather, a plethora of recent studies strongly implicate a …

As we age, the immune system undergoes a process of senescence accompanied by the
increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, a chronic subclinical condition named as …

The responses of central nervous system (CNS) cells such as neurons and glia in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) suggest that regulation of neuronal and glial functions …

A hallmark of the aged immune system is impaired immunoregulation of the innate and
adaptive immune system in the periphery and also in the central nervous system (CNS) …

For a long time the brain has been considered an immune-privileged site due to a muted
inflammatory response and the presence of protective brain barriers. It is now recognized …