Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have grown excessively due to their various applications
and low installation cost. In WSN, the main concern is to reduce energy consumption among …

Energy conservation is the main issue in wireless sensor networks. Many existing clustering
protocols have been proposed to balance the energy consumption and maximize the battery …

Routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has a primary task for data transfer from source
to the sink. Due to restricted battery power of the sensor nodes, there is a necessity to take in …

Clustering is an effective way to prolong the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN).
The common approach is to elect cluster heads to take routing and controlling duty, and to …

This paper proposes a novel energy-aware and layering-based clustering and routing
protocol (EA-CRP) for gathering data in WSNs. The main goal of EA-CRP is to reduce the …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a huge part in arising innovations like smart
applications, the Internet of Things, and numerous self-designed, independent applications …

Because sensor nodes typically are battery-powered and in most cases it may not be
possible to change or recharge batteries, the key challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks …

In wireless sensor networks, one of the most important constraints is the low power
consumption requirement. For that reason, several hierarchical or cluster-based routing …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of sensor nodes, which are
primarily employed for collecting data from an environment of interest. Energy resources of …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) typically consists of a large number of low cost wireless
sensor nodes which collect and send various messages to a base station (BS). WSN nodes …