The desideratum for high-end communication networks and high-speed data transfer has
surged exorbitantly in the contemporary era. To meet this demand, various optical access …

By the end of the decade, approximately 50 billion devices will be connected over the
internet using multiple services such as online gaming, ultra-high definition videos, and 5G …

Long reach PON is an attractive option for addressing the growing bandwidth needs of
internet applications and also serving multiple ONUs. Due to newly augmented technologies …

This paper presents a realistic description on various Passive optical network (PON)
technologies. A brief comparison between salient features of different PON technologies is …

This paper discusses the key principles of Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) which is
based on Time Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TDM PON) and Wavelength …

This paper discusses the key principles of Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) which is
based on Time Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TDM PON) and also …

As an ultimate broadband access solution for future Internet, the passive optical network
(PON) brings many advantages such as cost effectiveness, energy savings, service …

With the emerging mobile applications and needs of ever-increasing bandwidth, it is
anticipated that the next-generation passive optical network (NG-PON) with much higher …

1.1 Background Over the past decade, there had been a rapid global growth in Internet
usage with a corresponding increase in Internet traffic volume. With recent technological …

In order to reduce the cost for delivering future broadband services, network operators are
inclined to simplify the network architectures by integrating the metro and access networks …