Recent global smart city efforts resemble the establishment of electricity networks when
electricity was first invented, which meant the start of a new era to sell electricity as a utility. A …

While the original ideas behind smart cities go back to the late 1990s [41, 60, 92], the
emergence of actual smart city application concepts and deployments—such as smart …

While the original ideas behind smart cities go back to the late 1990s [41, 60, 92], the
emergence of actual smart city application concepts and deployments—such as smart …