… for detection of wormhole and black hole attacks due to the presence of malicious nodes
of Ad-hoc wireless sensor network. The paper is organized into Sect. 2 provides the related …

… LEACH is a cluster-based protocol which presents a randomize method to select CH that
does benefit of the node’s power levels. Authors in Ali et al. (2008) presented a …

… FIS-based vice cluster heads are selected. The creation of clusters based on the remaining
node energy makes a lower probability of choice for nodes with low energy levels. It can be …

… In general, clustering is focused on managing the energy factors in wireless sensor networks
… In this study, we primarily concentrated on multihop routing in a clustering environment. Our …

… Energy-efficient data collection is a significant research challenge in wireless sensor
networks (WSNs). One of the essential approaches to improve WSN performance is clustering, …

… wireless sensor networks is energy conservation. Recently, several hybrid, dynamic and static
clustering protocols … In this paper, a hybrid unequal energy efficient clustering is proposed …

… To boost the network routine, a three-level heterogeneous clustering procedure is proposed
in this paper. The three levels of heterogeneity split the sensors into three diverse groups …

… Power-Aware Clustering and Routing protocol (BPA-CRP… based clustering and routing
protocol in which the network topology divides the sensor field into equal-sized layers and clusters…

… Therefore, this issue would adversely affect the network lifetime. To extend the wireless
sensor network lifetime by reducing the energy consumption of a sensor node, clustering …

… To increase the efficiency of the wireless sensor network, we have used GA along with the
LEACH routing protocol. With the usage of its fitness function, node transmission could be …