… of subsidies, as well as individual farm characteristics. The … a subsidy during the period
2007–2013 (the dummy variable … the potentially indirect, multiple effects of subsidies on farms …

… , stands for our dependent variable, while the productivity gap … est is to quantify the impact
of CAP subsidies on the flow of … These findings indirectly confirm the author’s conclusion on …

… ’ characteristics that determine the allocation of public support) and the outcome variable
(… value creation, productivity, and TFP, we also included this variable in the list of outcomes. …

… “stiff but deathless” characteristics of zombie firms. Previous … subsidy level of an industry
satisfy the instrumental variable's … 1 β 2 γ 3 quantifies the total indirect effect. If the multiple-step …

… , directly or indirectly influencing the industry and economy of a country. The final products of
… model without considering the characteristics and features of a specific product or industry. …

… subsidies related to the BioRegio contest from this variable. … We also observe an indirect
effect of this policy on cohesion, in … Our results reveal that general biotech R&D subsidies (RD.…

… regarded government subsidy as an exogenous variable or … Finally, building on the unique
characteristics of the products … higher contract price, thus indirectly encouraging the farmers to …

… out affect the networks, and thus indirectly affect the outcomes … This is the dependent variable
in our analysis. The diagonal … function for the model with network effects would be easier to …

… dollars per vehicle, and the unique attributes of the BEV market, it … BEV subsidies on consumer
adoption, we employ a fixed-effects … In all cases, the estimate for the incentive variable is …

… while its variable cost is affected by both the coalition size and … without subsidies have a
positive environmental impact, as … network that indirectly dominates all other recycling networks, …