… failure detection and identification have been addressed in [9] by analyzing the evolution of
the bit error rate (BER… the type of soft-failure considered (ie, EDFA degradation), the first link …

… in which failure management in optical networks has been … for failure prediction, detection,
localization, and identification. … representing two different BER-degradation causes as well …

… proposed to detect and localize the failure in elastic optical network. Then, a soft failure aware
… failure can be identified with the degraded link localized. Lower blocking ratio with higher …

… the ability to detect the soft failures which degrade the performance of optical networks slowly
… We emphasize that it is necessary to use both pre-FEC BER and ROP as the input features …

… networks to prevent the serious degradation … BER are input to the RF and SVM to detect
the soft failure, and an ANN with a hidden layer is applied to identify the cause of the soft failure …

… In the ORCHESTRA solution, we propose the first BER estimation … such as a fiber degradation
or equipment malfunction. Such … We also define the soft-failure Detection Limit (DL) as the …

… , filter, to the detector at the destination, which is a complete optical transmission process [8].
For a lightpath, the typical failure types are bit error rate (BER) degradation, optical signal to …

… In [5], a finite state machine (FSM) is utilized to detect the degradation of BER and to identify
the … nonlinearity modeling and monitoring for elastic optical networks,” J. Light. Technol., vol. …

… data, eg, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and/or bit error rate (BER), made available
… In this example, we assume that the OSNR at the receivers of LPs A and B can be degraded …

… Furthermore, since filter failures have impact on the OSNR, and ultimately in the BER, in [14] …
et al., “BER degradation detection and failure identification in elastic optical networks,” IEEE/…