… Today we experience the ubiquitous usage of cloud services … in the optical layer, in which
an end-to-end optical path or … and cloud computing solutions, as it provides direct end-to-end …

… ) based on this approach and its access node, defined as a … provides end-to-end optical
connections across access and … ., “DISCUS: an endto-end solution for ubiquitous broadband …

… optical edge node, the Photonic Gateway (GW), and a procedure based on remote control
of user terminals to establish end-to-end optical … of establishing end-to-end optical paths. An …

… substantial contribution from our DISCUS project partners, … technologies for delivering
ubiquitous bandwidth to customers. … services to a fully end-to-end optical network has progressed …

… INTRODUCTION Today we experience the ubiquitous usage of … in the optical layer, in which
an end-to-end optical path or circuit … by the DISCUS FP7 consortium [78] is also a solution …

… Optical and mobile broadband services have been widely adopted to support various
applications including center-to-end and end-to-end … short-term initial solution, and then other …

… the overall end-to-end fiber broadband access network … but the Optics Valley of China
where most of the optical access … of building pervasive and ubiquitous FTTH networks is so …

… of radios and networks in a true end-to-end vision. (3) provide … benefit from a ubiquitous
edge cloud such as EdgeNet. … of a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) solution with built-in …

… mobile Internet and will be required to support ubiquitous AI … ” paradigm in 6G, where the
end-to-end system is capable of self-… While a partial picture was presented, we hope our discus…

… a tremendous number of ubiquitous smart devices and … Finally, we close the article with
conclusions and discussions … In this article, we consider the end-to-end computation delay …