Fault tolerant control systems can be used in the process machines such as Internal
Combustion (IC) engines to achieve greater reliability and stability in the fault conditions.
Thus, costly loss of production due to the unusual and unexpected shutdown of these
machines can be avoided. The Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) control system is an important system in
IC engines and faults in the sensors of this system will cause its shutdown creating costly
production loss, therefore, fault tolerance is necessary for them. In this paper, an Active Fault …

Background: Fault-Tolerant Control Systems (FTCS) are used in critical and safety
applications to improve performance and stability despite failure modes. As a result, costly
production losses related to unusual and unplanned shutdowns can be prevented by
incorporating these systems in the critical process plant machines. The Internal Combustion
(IC) engines are highly used process plant machines and faults in their sensors will cause
their shutdown instigating the need to install FTCS in them. Introduction: In this paper, an …