… ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, are commonly used to determine … compressive strength of
historical masonry structures [1]. Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests involve transmitting ultrasonic …

… Sonic, ultrasonic and impact tests are based on the analysis … direct and indirect test, ie, on
the analysis of volume (P-wave) … direct and indirect tests allowed to estimate both the velocity …

… using ultrasonic tomographic imaging to measure the stress … these cracks directly hamper
the transmission of sonic waves … sonic velocities are sensitive to the stress level and damage. …

… -sonic dispersion … velocity of ultrasonic waves depends mainly on the relative elastic
modulus and density of the medium, which are usually stable and responding directly to the stress …

… Sonic and ultrasonic methods introduce sound energy into a … , and the determination of wave
velocities can give information … Direct sonic testing is performed to obtain information about …

… There are direct effects of the bed joint material (or the mortar type) … wave velocities with
the mechanical material properties. The application of sonic and ultrasonic methods on masonry …

… This type of test is known as direct test. The velocity is obtained by dividing the distance
between source and receiver and the time-of-flight. Depending on the type of the excitation (…

… and ultrasonic wave velocity are … brick leads to a higher strength and ultrasonic wave velocity.
Consequently, there is a positive direct relationship between strength and ultrasonic wave …

… In fact, the velocity of propagation of sonic waves through the … as: sonic (20 Hz–20 kHz),
infrasonic (<20 Hz), and ultrasonic (20 … Regarding the testing campaign, direct and indirect sonic …

… a Over horizontal surfaces, locating the geophones directly over the masonry elements; b
over vertical surfaces, using a wooden dice pasted to the wall. The geophones were located …