Recent developments in low-power communication and signal processing technologies
have led to the extensive implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In a WSN
environment, cluster formation and cluster head (CH) selection consume significant energy.
Typically, the CH is chosen probabilistically, without considering the real-time factors such
as the remaining energy, number of clusters, distance, location, and number of functional
nodes to boost network lifetime. Based on the real-time issues, different strategies must be …

The energy depletion is the major drawback in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Sensor
nodes use utilize tiny sized batteries, which can neither be replaced nor recharged. Hence,
the energy must be optimally maintained in such battery-operated networks. One of the
popular method of optimizing the energy efficiency is through clustering. In clustering
methodology, all the sensor hubs are assembled into number of groups and each group is
allocated with a group head called cluster head (CH). The CH consumes high energy than …