… Transportation networks include the worldwide air transportation network, global cargo ship
… – notably identification of causative microorganisms and the biology of disease pathology – …

… , commercial ships are a dominant source of species transfers globally, and … most global
regions in space or time limits understanding of quantitative relationships between shipping and …

… a trend of spreading to other countries and regions [47,48,49]. In addition to global warming
and water eutrophication associated with human activities, phytoplankton spread by ship’s …

… Ports are hubs for industrial activities and global trade. Consequently, sediments and waters
in the ports are often contaminated by an array of chemicals. In addition, sediments contain …

… Ships’ ballast water and sediments are vectors that contribute to the unintentional spread of
aquatic non-native species globally… at minimizing the unwanted spread of organisms. This …

… On a global level, a positive correlation between cargo ship traffic and marine introductions
reveals the vast contribution of marine traffic to create connectivity across distant geographic …

… We developed SHIP, a novel method to quantify plasmid similarity based on the dynamics
of plasmid evolution. This allowed us to find conserved fragments containing AMR genes in …

… , such as plants, viruses microorganism, and bacteria, after that may … spread of aquatic
organisms (Wang et al., 2020). In this research, the solution of integrated shipping cost and global …

… other routes such as traveling by ship to the East by sailing West. … planet on it, the masts of
the ships when moving away, etc.) … infected individuals and the global spread of the virus, new …

… ship to assist the ship in adjusting the trim, fixing the list, controlling draught, and maintaining
stability or hull stresses on the ship … carried foreign macroorganisms, microorganisms, and …