… We selected worldwide shipping hubs as sampling sites as … is not surprising given their
global spread. When present, the … in the global proliferation of microorganisms through ballast. …

… for the role of ballast tanks in the global dispersal of dinoflagellates, including potentially
harmful/… [15] identified 48 dinoflagellate species from sediments in ships arriving to English and …

… , ships carry ballast water for stability during transit. Typically, at a port of call, a ship takes up
… transported by BW, bacteria and other microorganisms have been postulated as a greater …

… ships’ ballast water, sediment, and biofilm. From this study, they have explained how
microorganisms are transported within ships … estimated 56% of microorganisms could survive in …

… the easy spread of pathogens by the passengers and the ship‟… most important factor for the
global spread of new strains of … be free of pathogenic microorganisms, according to existing …

… and civilizations, ending with our global variety characterized by its peculiar amalgam of …
in order to build taller structures and to handle cargo of increasingly more voluminous ships. …

… of the global shipping industry, it is estimated that a quarter of all waste produced 183 by …
microorganisms and 200 antibiotic compounds (eg triclosan) in the wastewater of cruise ships …

… Ships were given a designator in place of the ship’s name. A lowercase letter besides the
ship … sample from a unique source was collected from the ship. Lakers are defined as cargo …

… microorganisms display geographic endemism, the rates at which they disperse at global
scales, and the role of humans on global … in coastal areas (where ship densities are highest) …

… In addition, seasonality is a key feature of Arctic and some Atlantic shipping where ice … -up
govern shipping patterns and vessels used. There has been a rise in marine shipping globally, …