Artificial intelligence (AI) was first described in 1950; however, several limitations in early …
This article presents a brief historical perspective on the evolution of AI over the last several …

This introduction to this special issue discusses artificial intelligence (AI), commonly defined
as “a system’s ability to interpret external data correctly, to learn from such data, and to use …

… During the past decades, AI has struggled through historical stages with several winters. …
In this article, we will discuss from a historical perspective how challenges were faced on …

… made in research on artificial intelligence since the First Edition … Artificial intelligence can
and should be studied in ways that … If artificial intelligence is to be developed beneficially, it will …

Explainability in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been revived as a topic of active research by
the need of conveying safety and trust to users in the “how” and “why” of automated decision‐…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the mantra of the current era. The phrase is intoned by technologists,
academicians, journalists, and venture capitalists alike. As with many phrases that cross …

… artificial intelligence are selected and explored. This study aims to provide a review of artificial
intelligence … has experienced a long development process, with a history of more than 70 …

This chapter introduces some of the fundamental ideas of artificial intelligence (AI). AI in
Medicine (AIM) is AI specialized to medical applications. The choice to model the behavior of a …

… artificial intelligence, the brief history of artificial intelligence in the medical domain, recent
advances in artificial intelligence … future prospects of pathology driven by artificial intelligence. …

… over 400 research article on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning
(DL) … By examining the major research themes and historical trends from 2000 to 2019, we …