… Segmentation methods can be categorized into two main approaches namely parametric and
non-parametric … to several methods such as PSO, HCOCLPSO, HBMO, and the Fast Otsu’s …

… segmentation backgrounds. This study investigates multi-level thresholding in image
segmentation … There are two methods of thresholding: parametric and non-parametric. Parametric …

… in parametric and non-parametric approaches. In parametric … for efficiently solving the
multi level threshold problem. … Due to faster convergence rate we use PSO at primary stage …

… and most effective image segmentation methods capable of … It can be a bi-level thresholding
or multi-level thresholding. In … the position and speed of the separation of dragonflies. …

… of an adopted image segmentation method. Multi-level thresholding is a segmentation method
that … the convergence speed by injecting a generated step size into this mutation strategy. …

… methods are time-consuming and have certain computational complexities. In non-parametric
methods, the optimum value of a criterion should be achieved to determine the threshold …

… Selecting the optimal threshold value is the key to best quality segmentation. Multilevel
thresholding (MT) is an essential approach for image segmentation, and it has become very …

… deep learning-based methods, slow training speed, and complex … The core of the multi-level
threshold image segmentation method is … or non-parametric methods. Traditional exhaustive …

… Thresholding methods is classified into two methods parametric and non-parametric. The
first type applies Gaussian distribution on grey levels of each group therefore an estimation of …

… ideal threshold values achieved by non-parametric objective … of an image is identified by
multi-level thresholding [16]. … This paper resulted in fast computation even at higher threshold …