… In order to advance restoration science, we suggest to focus on restored or recovering
ecosystems to understand (1) how to measure complexity (Fig. 3); (2) how to identify changes in …

… metric of recovery at the ecosystem-level is improved resilience—the ability to resist shifts
toward less-functional states and to rapidly recover function when such shifts occur (15). …

… We report a long-term comparison of ACD recovery rates between naturally regenerating
and actively restored logged tropical forests. Restoration enhanced decadal ACD …

… ecosystems, or they have neglected to consider freshwater biodiversity at all. Anthropogenic
threats distinct to freshwater ecosystems, … an Emergency Recovery Plan to reverse the rapid …

… The extreme events of recent years have revealed that the influence of climate change on
marine ecosystems is rapidly outpacing our capacity to intervene and minimize the extent and …

… An ecosystem condition is a response to past land use and past climate; restoring ecosystems
is unlikely to be easy or even possible, especially under a rapidly changing climate. Even …

… These threats can also compromise the functional integrity of the ecosystems and their
capacity to provide ecosystem services. Without changes in protection and recovery strategies, …

… ecosystem spanning at least the last ~200 years, focusing on change over the last 30 years.
For each ecosystem… , and the possibility for recovery to the defined baseline state. The …

… recovery; Hodgson, McDonald & Hosken, 2015) and restoration (ie intentional activities that
initiate or accelerate the recovery of an ecosystem; … , both grasslands rapidly recovered their …

… However, we need more long-term, large-scale datasets covering different forest ecosystems
and tree species to quantitatively explore whether slow recovery can convey acclimation or …