… This Primer discusses the epidemiology, risk factors and mechanisms of recurrent pregnancy
loss and provides an evidence-based evaluation of current treatment options. This Primer …

… , such as thyroid disorders and APS. This is why most … to perform investigations for risk factors
in couples with RPL. … test results for factors that are definite or probable risk factors for RPL …

… ,10 the rate-limiting risk factor for miscarriage in older women is largely untreatable. …
Earlier associations between inherited thrombophilia and recurrent fetal loss41 have not been …

… pregnancy losses, is the most commonly admitted definition of recurrent pregnancy losses
(… couples who experienced 2 successive pregnancy losses. Because the majority of all early …

… or attending a recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) clinic believe they need in terms of treatment,
… , support and follow up that is sensitive to their history of pregnancy loss (PL), includes both …

… additional research into Mendelian causes of pregnancy loss and appropriate genetic
investigations for couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss. SEARCH METHODS …

… In fact, in only around 50% of RPL cases can defined causes/risk factors can be found, …
immune etiologies [5] and that in these cases the pregnancy losses can occur through persistent …

… no vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain in early pregnancy, but have other risk factors for
miscarriage, such as a history of recurrent pregnancy losses. There were 30 systematic reviews …

… ETs both fresh and frozen. More than two-thirds take lifestyle factors into account, mainly
drugs, smoking and BMI. The highest consensus on which diagnostic investigations should be …

… Other risk factors include maternal age greater than 35 years, multiple … of prophylactic
progestogen to prevent pregnancy loss for women with recurrent pregnancy loss. We did not apply …