… reflected by the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2… kinase [76,77].
Once activated, RAF phosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK-ERK kinase …

… kinases including p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3 kinase, and
extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/… determined that cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 …

… The MAPK kinase signaling cascade is comprised of Ras GTPase which activates RAF, …
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and then extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (…

… and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). … , the retinoic acid receptors
(RARα, -β and-γ) and the retinoid X … of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated-kinases (…

… However, other signaling pathways, particularly mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),
have been found to be necessary for RAR and RXR to transcriptionally activate and …

… functional markers of ATRA-induced differentiation, we explored its effects on activation of
MAP kinase cascade. Roscovitine enhanced ATRA-induced signalsome activation events. In …

… Among potential anticancer drugs considered promising in breast cancer treatment are
retinoids that act mainly through nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Clinical trials, however, …

… mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [29], protein kinase C (PKC) [30] and AKT pathways
[31]. Particularly, the MAPK pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (…

… mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and then extracellular-signal-regulated
kinase … , ie, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and calcium (Ca2+) calmodulin-dependent …

… other proinflammatory pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (14). NF-…
uses extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (…