… This in turn requires more careful route planning, with accurate energy consumption … is
to find the best routes for electric commercial vehicles for urban distribution of goods. This is …

… battery sizing, energy-efficient route planning and charging … data collected from fifty-five
electric taxis in Beijing city are … the trip range used for the historical EC R b past ( x ) estimation…

… We assume that the realized empty-vehicle and load-dependent energy consumption …
several parameters in the underlying energy consumption model used to estimate a ij and b ij . …

… for routing electric commercial vehicles with probabilistic energy consumption estimation and
robust charge planning. … This section introduces the energy consumption estimation model. …

… -based EV energy consumption model, which can be used to calculate the instantaneous
ECRs of EVs with input variables including the instantaneous speed, acceleration, and …

… four additional variables, and estimated the total cost of NCF to be … This paper focuses on
the electricity consumption models … time, to obtain the optimal path planning that meets the time …

… Different EB types have different battery capacities, passenger capacities, and curb weights,
resulting in different vehicle scheduling plans, energy consumption, and charging demands. …

… estimate BEV real-world energy consumption and driving ranges. More accurate estimates
of real-world energy consumption … in travel patterns and electricity consumption by vehicle …

… link model is claimed to produce a more precise estimate of EV energy consumption than
other … of CO2 emissions and techno-economic feasibility of an electric commercial vehicle …

… travel efficiency and reduce the average electric energy … estimation of driving range under
different driving condition, and then the driver could save more energy under the real road. …