… Schematic representation of COVID-19 pathogenesis and cytokine storm with possible
effects. SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ACE2: angiotensin-…

… of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the … control, the epidemic of
COVID-19 is posing a great threat for … the present understanding of COVID-19 and introduce the …

… knowledge gaps in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 that will be … , COVID-19 confined to the
conducting airways should be mild and treated symptomatically at home. However, COVID-19 …

… on COVID-19. Our goal is to discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and
different possible treatment options of COVID-19 for better acknowledgment of this newly found …

… the zoonotic origin of COVID-19. Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection led to
the … Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been …

… severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐… coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19),
with a frequency ranging from 19.4% to 88% of patients. , 2 , 3 , 4 The exact pathogenesis …

… COVID-19 affects many organs and has a variety of clinical presentations. In this review, we
cover various clinical manifestations of COVID-19 … equally in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, …

… outcomes in COVID-19 Pathogenesis. … COVID-19. Among key cytokines, we focused on
TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-1β production and their relationship with COVID-19 pathogenesis. …

… The pathogenesis is complex but includes loss of regulatory … , during the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, … and treatment strategies of the COVID-19 virus-induced …

… The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease
pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune …