… immune system and shows a clinical phenotype characterized by alternating periods of
exacerbation and remission [1]. It is known that innate and adaptive immune … the immune system …

… innate immune response. Further, we include the adaptive immune response, investigate
cytokine storm … and innate immune response. In Section 3.2, we analyze the dynamics of the …

… human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines
(… chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-…

… The immune responses (innate and adaptive immunity) are … , however, uncontrolled
immune responses can result in … Given IL-6 plays a critical role in cytokine storm, IL-6 receptor …

… In addition to quantitating circulating pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, we evaluated
adaptive and innate immune systems via serial ELISpot assays of T cell IFN-ɣ and monocyte …

… dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated
due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells. The resultant cytokine storm is …

… This review compares cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) observed during COVID-19 … innate
and adaptive immunity by presenting antigens at local lymph nodes and secreting cytokines …

… of innate immune system activation and adaptive immune system dysregulation in older
adults and how they potentiate the consequences of the COVID-19-related cytokine storm, and …

… Furthermore, sexual dimorphism, in both adaptive and innate immunity, has been demonstrated
with testosterone generally showing an immunosuppressive effect, whereas estrogen …

… Moreover, the activation of monocytes may suggest that the cytokine storm in COVID-19
is closely related to the destruction of the balance between innate and adaptive immunity. …