The UrBan Interactions (UBI) research program, coordinated by the University of Oulu, has
created a middleware layer on top of the panOULU wireless network and opened it up to …

Technology is starting to play a key role in cities' urban sustainability plans. This is because
new technologies can provide them with robust solutions that are of benefit to citizens. Cities …

This paper argues that current technology-driven implementations of Smart Cities, although
being an important step in the right direction, fall short in exploiting the most important …

In the era of big data, smart cities have become a promising prospect for governments,
citizens, and industrials. Many ideas and their derived systems for smart cities depend on …

Infrastructure can mean several things and has been defined in several ways. It could refer
to the fundamental systems and facilities that an organization, city, or country needs to …

To address the grand challenges brought about by urbanization,“smart city” has become a
ubiquitous concept for sustaining urban and economic growthwhile addressing the …

In this article, we introduce an Internet of Things application, smart community, which refers
to a paradigmatic class of cyber-physical systems with cooperating objects (ie, networked …