The vascular endothelium is a dynamic, functionally complex organ, modulating multiple
biological processes, including vascular tone and permeability, inflammatory responses …

Endothelial dysfunction has been posited to play an important role in the pathogenesis of
diabetic nephropathy (DN). Due to the heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs), it is difficult …

Cardiovascular events are accelerated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although deranged
nitric oxide (NO) pathways and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) cause endothelial …

Accumulating evidence indicates that the pathological changes of the endothelium may
contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease …

The endothelium is a functional barrier between vessel wall and blood stream that for a long
time has been regarded as a relatively inert container for blood. However, the last 20 years …

The prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic disease coupled with kidney dysfunction is
increasing worldwide. This triad of disorders is associated with considerable morbidity and …

Vascular endothelium regulates vascular tone and maintains free flow of blood in vessels.
Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) results in reduced activation of endothelial nitric …

The vascular endothelium expresses endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that
generates nitric oxide (NO) to help maintain vascular integrity due to its anti-inflammatory …

Chronic kidney disease patient's progression to end-stage renal disease as well as their
high mortality are linked to cardiovascular disease. However, the high incidence rate of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10% of all populations worldwide, with about 2
million people requiring dialysis. Although patients with CKD are at high risk of …