COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a major source of morbidity and mortality
due to its inflammatory effects in the lungs and heart. The p38 MAPK pathway plays a crucial …

Rationale: Many viral infections are known to activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein
kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. However, the role of p38 activation in viral infection and …

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the immune response-driven disease COVID-19 for
which new antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments are urgently needed to reduce …

The prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) quickly
reached pandemic proportions, and knowledge about this virus and coronavirus disease …

In light of the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the international
scientific community has joined forces to develop effective treatment strategies. The …

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the binding-site and entry-point for
SARS-CoV-2 in human and highly expressed in the lung. Cigarette smoking (CS) is the …

The causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected millions and killed …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), elicited by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is a pandemic public health emergency of …

The SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers host kinases and is responsible for heavy
phosphorylation in the host and also in the virus. Notably, phosphorylations in virus were …

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major health
crisis, with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) having …