In commercial applications of biotechnology, there is no international convergence. On
many critical dimensions, the United States is pulling ahead vis-à-vis most other developed …

Technological Systems in the Bio Industries: An International Study represents a
comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and systematic effort to understand the nature and role of …

All would agree that with more than 3,000 new firms formed in Europe, Japan and the United
States focused on biotechnology, and with elegant strides forward in our understanding of …

This volume analyzes the dynamics and interactive processes among the players
(individuals, institutions, and organizations/firms) that have constituted and legitimized the …

This paper examines the organization of distributed innovation shaped by the major
discontinuity in the life sciences and their associated technologies that has unfolded over …

Biotechnology and Competitive Advantage investigates the development of biotechnology in
Europe and the United States. It examines why Europe has fallen behind in applying …

Adopting a sectoral systems of innovation approach, this paper seeks to explain the
remarkable long term robustness of the innovation trajectories of pharmaceutical and …

This chapter argues that modern biotechnology has been–and continues to be–developing
at a rapid pace and is connected to fundamental changes in the economy over time, with …

Biotechnology has to be understood as a system or network. Innovative activities, as well as
production and commercialisation, rest on and involve, either directly or indirectly, a large …

Biotechnology is not an industrial sector, but a set of techniques for the manipulation of living
organisms which comprises several disciplines which provide the scientific foundations for …