Incentive mechanisms are central to the functionality of permissionless blockchains: they
incentivize participants to run and secure the underlying consensus protocol. Designing …

Proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin secure vast amounts of money.
Their operators, called miners, expend resources to generate blocks and receive monetary …

Blockchain is a “decentralized” system, where the security heavily depends on that of the
consensus protocols. For instance, attackers gain illegal revenues by leveraging the …

Selfish mining is a well known vulnerability in blockchains exploited by miners to steal block
rewards. In this paper, we explore a new form of selfish mining attack that guarantees high …

Smart Contracts and transactions allow users to implement elaborate constructions on
cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Many of these constructions …

One major shortcoming of permissionless blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is that
they are unsuitable for running Computationally Intensive smart Contracts (CICs). This …

Blockchain systems are designed to produce blocks at a constant average rate. The most
popular systems currently employ a Proof of Work (PoW) algorithm as a means of creating …

Bitcoin was recently introduced as a peer-to-peer electronic currency in order to facilitate
transactions outside the traditional financial system. The core of Bitcoin, the Blockchain, is …

Bitcoin's core innovation is its solution to double-spending, called Nakamoto consensus.
This provides a probabilistic guarantee that transactions will not be reversed or redirected …

A proof of work (PoW) blockchain protocol distributes rewards to its participants, called
miners, according to their share of the total computational power. Sufficiently large miners …