Increasing concerns have accelerated the development of international regulations and
methods for ballast water management to limit the introduction of non-indigenous species …

The second issue is more controversial: Is ballast-water transport of microbes actually a
problem? Some microbial ecologists argue that bacteria and most, if not all, protists must …

Using next-generation DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we analyzed the
composition and diversity of bacterial assemblages in ballast water from tanks of 17 …

The transoceanic movement of non-indigenous microorganisms and organic and inorganic
contaminants through the transfer of ballast water of ocean-going vessels can be considered …

The only procedure used frequently to reduce the risk of invasion by ballast-mediated biota
is open-ocean exchange of ballast water, a procedure in which vessels release coastal …

Higher organisms are ubiquitous in surface waters, and some species can proliferate in
granular filters of water treatment plants and colonize distribution systems. Meanwhile, some …

Surfaces submerged in an aquatic milieu are covered to some degree with biofilms–organic
matrices that can contain bacteria, microalgae, and protozoans, sometimes including …

Microbial biofilms are biological structures composed of surface-attached microbial
communities embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix. In aquatic environments, the …

Nonindigenous aquatic species have the potential to effect great ecological and economic
change (eg, Carlton et al. 1990; Mills et al. 1993), and microbial constituents can represent …

Transport of ballast water with ships represents a risk for introduction of foreign species. If
ballast water is treated during uptake, there will be a recolonization of the ballast water by …