This review integrates scientific knowledge obtained over the past few decades on the
biological mechanisms that contribute to the profound association between exposure to …

The long-term consequences of exposure to excess stress, particularly during sensitive
developmental windows, on the initiation and progression of many complex, common …

Early exposure to stress and adversity can have both immediate and lasting effects on
physical and psychological health. Critical periods have been identified in infancy, during …

Background Adverse psychosocial exposures in early life, namely experiences such as child
maltreatment, caregiver stress or depression, and domestic or community violence, have …

Childhood adversity can have life-long consequences for the response to stressful events
later in life. Abuse or severe neglect are well-known risk factors for post-traumatic stress …

Prenatal exposure to maternal stress, anxiety, and depression can have lasting effects on
infant development with risk of psychopathology. Although the impact of prenatal maternal …

The adverse effects of early‐life stress are pervasive, with well‐established mental and
physical health consequences for exposed individuals. The impact of early adverse …

Severe or chronic stress and trauma can have a detrimental impact on health. Evidence
suggests that early-life adversity can become biologically embedded and has the potential …

The concept of the developmental origins of health and disease via prenatal programming
has informed many etiologic models of health and development. Extensive experimental …

Early life experiences have powerful effects on the brain and body lasting throughout the
entire life span and influencing brain function, behavior, and the risk for a number of …