… efficiency distance are considered in the definition of desirability, which help the ant to
select the path with high energy level that can achieve high energy efficiency to prolong the …

… routing protocols in order to improve the energy efficiency and network lifetime. This paper
provides a discussion about hierarchical energy efficient routing protocols … high energy level, …

… routing protocol called the LLECP-AOMDV routing protocol based on AOMDV for mobile edge
computing. In the route … research on energy-aware routing, we employ two energy levels. …

… In the network initialization period, all nodes have the same energy level, the improved ABC
algorithm is used to optimize fuzzy C-means clustering to find the optimal clustering method. …

… The hierarchical heterogeneous cluster based energy efficient routing protocols are more …
based routing protocols due to the presence of nodes heterogeneity in terms of energy level of …

… , however, it might happen that nodes with lower energy levels to be selected as cluster
heads. In addition, over the sensor field, cluster heads are not evenly distributed, which causes …

… When all sensors in the network start with a constant energy level, the nodes die out
randomly within a short span of time. Heterogeneous network structures are gaining importance …

… message that contains its ID and energy level to its neighbor sensor nodes so that … its
energy level with energy level information in receiving advertisement message. If the energy level …

… Step 6: Protocol extracting the energy level at each cluster community and rebalancing the
cluster endpoints is universally recognized as the most straightforward way. After that, they …

… the WSNs routing protocol design. In this paper we categorize various routing protocols in
WSNs … The BS computes the energy level of each node and chooses those nodes that have …