… Abstract—In ultra-dense networks, an enormous number of small base stations (BSs) are …
HOPP rate is calculated by the ratio of the number of HOPP (NHOPP ) to the total number of …

… a load factor to estimate cell load and network performance … if its UEs cannot be safely
handover to a neighbouring cell. … plan to integrate realistic 5G network mobility load balancing …

… growing load of users and data transmission on the network, … of handoffs between two points
of access, average dwell-time… proposed a vertical handover decision algorithm based on a …

… of 5G network has begun around the world, with the density of … of MRle uploaded, with the
average arrival time shown in Fig. 8(a… H evizi, 5G handover using reinforcement learning, Proc. …

… and extremely dense nature of 5G networks [5,6… estimated according to the speed of UE’s
and the loads of cell. Moreover, the suggested algorithm provides liberty to the service network …

… networks extend the coverage and decrease the handover … average load-based partitioning
depending on the average … ) assisted two-tier dense networks. They formulated the problem …

… The proposed algorithm estimates HCP settings based on the … will lead to building ultra-dense
cellular networks. Such … divide the load differences by the maximum cell load capacity. …

… The authors added UE speed and cells load parameters to handover decision (A3 event) in
… levels of neural network model to estimate which cell should the UE handover based on the …

… 9.5 Gbps throughput with an average packet loss rate of 11%… a novel proactive load balancing
scheme based on a semi-… optimum handover settings to minimize both handover failure …

… of 5G networks and vehicular network technology. … The authors have been able to
achieve load balance along … of reward function, and estimating the total expected reward per …